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视频课题:高中英语外研版必修4 Book 4 Module 2 Traffic Jam Period 3 Grammar山西省级优课
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高中英语外研版必修4 Book 4 Module 2 Traffic Jam Period 3 Grammar山西省级优课
外研版高中英语Book 4 Module 2 Traffic Jam Period 3 Grammar:
祈使句
I.教学内容分析
外研版必修第四第二模块第四课课时:Grammar,通过几个交通标志的含义,要求学生识别祈使句,并了解祈使句的用法。 II.教学目标 A.知识与技能目标
1.Master the definition of the imperatives.
2.Master the varieties of the drills of the imperatives. B.过程与方法
1.Explaining and Practicing
2.Through pracitce ,use the imperatives correctly. C. 情感态度价值观
1.Enable students to use the imperatives correctly in everyday English. III. 教学方法:任务教学法,学生中心教学法, 多媒体教学 IV .教学重点 Imperatives V.教学难点
How to use imperatives freely VI .教学流程 Step1. Revision
Check the answers to the Vocabulary Exercises in the Workbook. 教学目的: 为语法教学扫清语言障碍。 Step2. Function
1. Ask Ss to read the sentences in Activity 1 on page 13 and summarize the ways of giving advice. You should do … Make sure you do …
It’s a good idea to do …
类似表达还有:You had better do … Why not do …? Why don’t you do …? Let’s do … What about…? How about…? Shall I / we do…?
2. Ask Ss to write some advice to their classmates about learning English. For your reference:
You should work hard at English.
Why don’t you buy some English tapes and some books to go with them if you want to improve your listening skills?
Lt’s a good idea to listen to English songs if you want to improve your listening skill. You had better join in the English Corner and speak English as often as possible. Why not look for a foreign pen friend if you want to improve your writing? Make sure you listen to English and speak it every day. Let’s read the English novel together.
…教学目的:为祈使句的各种句式做好铺垫。 Step 3. Grammar
1. Ask Ss to finish Activity 1 on page 16 to let them know about the usage of the imperatives.
2. Present Ss the grammatical rules of the imperatives.
(1) 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。如:
Go and wash your hands. (去洗手。——命令) Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求) Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告)
Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告) Look out!Danger! (小心!危险!—强烈警告) Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止) 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,如:
You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯你去告诉他。) (2) 表现形式 ◆ 肯定结构:
① Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如: Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如: This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 ② Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如: Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
③ Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如: Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ◆ 否定结构:
① Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t构成。如: Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我!
② Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如: Don’t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 ③ 有些可用no开头, 用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如: No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! ④ 用“let”的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:
(a)“let” 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用“Don’t let...”;如果宾语是第一人称,则用“Let... not”,如: Don’t let this type of things happen again.
(b)“Let“只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
(c)“Let”后头除了是不带“to“的不定式动词 (The infinitive without “to”)之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等: Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
(d) 用“Let’s”时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用“Let us”时,并不包括对方,如:
Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
教学目的:让学生掌握祈使句的概念 肯定与否定形式。 (3.).第一人称祈使句
“Let me / us + 动词原形+其它成分”。“Let's +动词原形+其它成分”。 其否定形式可以在句首加Don't 也可以在Let me / us或Let's后加not。 第三人称祈使句
其肯定形式为“Let +第三人称代词宾格(或名词短语)+动词原形+其它成分”;其否定形式在句首加Don't。如:
Let him finish his homework before Monday. Don't let the kids go out.
教学目的: 让学生了解祈使句的各种句型。 (4.)祈使句的特殊结构 A . no + 名词或动名词
用于指示标牌、布告,意为“禁止,不许”。 No parking!
No spitting! No litter! No entry!
No scribbling on the wall! B . be + 过去分词 Be seated, please. Be reassured.
Be gone!
C . do + 祈使句
这种结构表示强调,常译为“务必,一定要”。 Do save us!
Do tell me the reason.
Do be honest.
D.无动词祈使句
一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词的,虽为只言片语,却简洁明了。 Patience! Danger! After you! Hands up!
This side down!
【拓展】
祈使句常考查句式
祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句
Work hard and you can make rapid progress in your study. 教学目的: 让学生了解并掌握祈使句的各种特殊句式。 3.总结Grammar-1. Look at the signs and say what they do. Grammar-2. Observation What’s the features of Imperatives1. Listen to me carefully. 2. Come in and sit down, please. 3. Don’t close the window – it’s hot. 4. Be quiet!
5. Let’s try our best to improve our environment.
Conclusion 1祈使句的肯定形式主要有以下几种 Do 型 (以行为动词开头) Stand up!
Be 型 (以be动词开头) Be careful.
Let型 (以let开头) Let’s go home.
Conclusion 2祈使句的否定形式主要有以下几种 Do 型 (以行为动词开头) Don’t stand up! / Never stand up! Be 型 (以 be 动词开头) Don’t be late./Never be late. Let型 (以let开头) Let’s not go home. Conclusion 3 Do be patient! Do sit down.
Do write back when you receive his letter. Tom, you clean the room. You clean the window. 加强祈使句语气的方式:
在谓语前+ do /或加上主语(Tom, you)
Conclusion :Will you / Would you / Could you + 动词原形?
句末,+ please?
句末, + will you / shall we? Why not do something?
教学目的: 完成任务, 体验核心句型真实运用,并让学生归纳总结祈使句的各种用法,运用自如。 4.练习:
I. Complete the following sentences. break go keep look ride stop stay watch out 1. ________ on the pavement.
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