视频标签:完形填空
所属栏目:初中英语优质课视频
视频课题:花都区校级研讨课cloze test通过语篇分析进行完形填空教学01(授课老师 谭丹丽)
教学设计、课堂实录及教案:cloze test通过语篇分析进行完形填空教学(授课老师 谭丹丽)
通过语篇分析进行完形填空教学 完型填空专题小组 (授课老师 谭丹丽) |
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一、完形填空专题分析 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
完形填空题源自完形心理学,即格式塔心理学,是从完形心理学的Closure这一概念发展而成的一种语言测试形式。Closure指的是人们在头脑中对一个熟悉但不完整的图形或格式加工义使之完整的一种心里倾向。完形填空题的文本看似残缺不全,但实际上是完整的语义系统。(施光飞等,2014) 完形填空主要是在阅读的基础上考查学生在篇章层面综合运用逻辑判断手段进行词义辨析和搭配的能力,要求学生根据上下文分析语句间的意义关系,正确判断和选择所需用的词。分别在词、句、篇三个层面上进行设空命题,着重考查实义词的语境同现,复现关系。近年来中考完形填空主要以句子层面和语篇层面的命题为主,而句子层面的命题主要是因果、转折等基本的语篇逻辑关系,篇章层面的考查则主要是关键词的复现。同时该题型有一个特点就是首句往往是不挖空的。2011-2015的中考完形填空题分析: 总题数50题
从上表看出,近五年中考语境线索和词汇同现所占的比例为多。其次是原词复现和句间逻辑关系。题目的难度设置以偏容易(难度值0.6-0.7)和适中(难度值0.5-0.6)为多。因此,完型填空的得分点应是掌握好上述四种考点的解题微技能。以2013年完型填空试题为例,对狮峰中学,区实验中学以及金华中学作了测试分析。选取低于难度值为0.5以上的题目分析,其中低于广州市平均分的题目如下:(区实验中学由于是普尖班,其得分率以高于市平均分10-20个百分点为参照)
从上表分析可以看出,不同层次学生主要的失分点以及难点在于语境线索及词汇同现。主要的原因是缺乏语篇意识,没有抓住文章中的标志词语以及上下文所提供的线索。特别是缺乏对首句所提供信息的解读。完型填空的首句往往是完整保留的,这句话起到提纲挈领的作用,是全文的题眼所在。给整篇文章提供了很重要的场景信息,认真解读首句所提供的信息对于顺利完成篇章的解读举足轻重。针对上述的问题,笔者拟定帮助学生从语篇的角度去突破上述难点。 关于语篇教学,黄国文在《语篇分析概要》中给出了这样的定义,“语篇分析通常指的是对比句子/ 语段更大的语言单位所作的语言分析,目的在于解释人们如何构造和理解各种连贯的语篇。”王宗炎则将语篇分析定义为“关于口语和书面语句子如何组成更大意义单位的研究。”到本世纪70年代,它被组建引入到英语教学中来,魏多森指出,英语教学一定要来一个大转变, “从以句子为语言教学基本单位转移到以语篇为语言教学的基本单位来”。把语篇分析这一新的教学手段引入阅读所形成的教学模式就叫语篇教学。(转自张艳红,2012) 利用语篇进行完形填空的教学是非常有必要的。我们需要从培养学生从语篇的整体上理解篇章内容和结构的能力。关于教学内容的研究,经查阅中国知网2003年至今的资料,发现对“利用语篇来进行完形填空教学”模式的研究主要集中在解题技巧和训练这个方面。比如卢惠龙的通观全局,把握主旨大意——寻找蛛丝马迹,捕捉关键词——瞻前顾后,分析上下文语境;李一航的从文体,语境,词汇和语义逻辑四个层面进行语篇分析;张艳红的浏览全文,关注首句,寻找文章重复内容,进行科学逻辑分析,复合调整全文,有效调整答案。 如何在课堂中联系实际样例,引导学生思考,提高初中学生的语篇分析能力从而实现完形填空复习的有效性,是本节课的重点所在。 |
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二、教学分析 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(二)学情分析 1. 初三(4)班在年级属于中等层次的班级,平均分大约70分左右(100分制),大部分学生属于沉思型,参与课堂积极性不够高。 2.多数学生采取在没有读懂文本或者根本没有完整通读文本的情况下“边读边选答案”的做法。做题时只顾空格,就句论句,只见树木,不见森林; 3. 没有跳过空格通读文本的习惯,一碰到空格,就无法继续读下去,一定要把空格补上,才能继续往下读。 4. 不去分析文本中句子间的逻辑关系,不重视首句所提供的信息。 |
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三、教学目标 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.学生通过细读文章首句,能说出文章体裁及背景信息,并能对文章内容进行预测; 2.学生能够通过“跳空”阅读全文,掌握文章大意; 3.学生通过上下文的语境,能大致猜测出与空缺词汇意思相近的单词,并由此选出正确答案; 4.学生能归纳完形填空的的解题思路。 |
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四、教学重点 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.学生能够学会关注文章首句,通过细读首句了解文章体裁及背景; 2.学生能够通过语篇的上下文语境,对所缺词汇进行猜测,并由此选出正确答案 |
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五、教学难点 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.学生能转变以往做完形填空的不良习惯,学会从语篇入手,关注上下文语境来解题; 2. 学生能用自己的话归纳解题思路。 |
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六、教学过程 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Teaching steps |
Teachers’ activities | Students’ activities | purpose | T |
Step1 Lead in |
1. Show Ss a picture with some missing parts and ask them some questions to lead in the review topic. 2. Introduce a new way to complete the Cloze Test. |
Get ready for the following tasks. |
Make Ss clear the purpose of this lesson and get familiar with the review topic. | 1 |
Step 2 Complete a Cloze Test in a different way |
1. Give Ss a Cloze Test without choices, ask Ss to read the first sentence of the passage carefully and answer the following question: (1) What information can we get from the first sentence? (2) What do you suppose the writer is going to write next? 2. Ask Ss to skip through the whole passage and get the main idea of the passage by answering some questions; 3. Ask Ss to guess the missing words and write them down on the blanks. 4. Ask Ss to discuss their answers in the groups first and then present the words that they guess. 5. Give Ss the choices and ask them to complete the Cloze Test, when they finish, ask them to read the passage again to check their answers by themselves. 6. Check the answers. |
1. Read the first sentence of the passage carefully and answer some questions; 2. Skip through the whole passage and try to get the main idea of the passage; 3. Try to guess and write down the missing words 4. Present the words they guess ; 5. Complete the Cloze Test and read the passage again to check the answers by themselves. 6. Check the answers; |
1. Ss can pay more attention to the first sentence of the passage, then get the background information of the passage; 2. Ss can get the main idea of the passage and guess the missing words before giving the choices; |
20 |
Step 3 Summary |
1. Ask Ss to observe the context and then help Ss summarize the skills of context in Cloze Test. | Observe the context and summarize the skills of context in Cloze Test. |
1. Summary the skills of context in Cloze Test. 2. Get ready for the following exercise. |
3 |
Step 4 More exercise |
1. Give Ss another Cloze Test and ask Ss to complete it in the same way. | Try to complete another Cloze Test in the same way. |
Consolidate the skills of context in Cloze Test. |
5 |
Step 5 Comment and summary |
1. Check the answers and ask Ss to discuss the answers they are not clear about. 2. Summary the skills of context in Cloze Test. |
Check the answers and explain the reasons. | Help Ss to consolidate the skills of context. | 10 |
Step 6 Homework |
Ask Ss to review what have learnt and complete one more Cloze Test. | Review what have learnt and complete one more Cloze Test. | Consolidate what have learnt. | 1 |
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